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7.4.2 Long Integer Objects

`PyLongObject`
  This subtype of `PyObject` represents a Python long integer object.

PyTypeObject `PyLong_Type`
  This instance of `PyTypeObject` represents the Python long integer type. This is the same object as `types.LongType`.

int `PyLong_Check` (PyObject *p)
  Returns true if its argument is a `PyLongObject`.

PyObject* `PyLong_FromLong` (long v)
  Return value: New reference.
  Returns a new `PyLongObject` object from v, or `NULL` on failure.

PyObject* `PyLong_FromUnsignedLong` (unsigned long v)
  Return value: New reference.
  Returns a new `PyLongObject` object from a C `unsigned long`, or `NULL` on failure.

PyObject* `PyLong_FromDouble` (double v)
  Return value: New reference.
  Returns a new `PyLongObject` object from the integer part of v, or `NULL` on failure.

long `PyLong_AsLong` (PyObject *pylong)
  Returns a C `long` representation of the contents of pylong. If pylong is greater than `LONG_MAX`, an `OverflowError` is raised.OverflowError

unsigned long `PyLong_AsUnsignedLong` (PyObject *pylong)
  Returns a C `unsigned long` representation of the contents of pylong. If pylong is greater than `ULONG_MAX`, an `OverflowError` is raised.OverflowError

double `PyLong_AsDouble` (PyObject *pylong)
  Returns a C `double` representation of the contents of pylong.

PyObject* `PyLong_FromString` (char *str, char **pend, int base)
  Return value: New reference.
  Return a new `PyLongObject` based on the string value in str, which is interpreted according to the radix in base. If pend is non-`NULL`, `*pend` will point to the first character in str which follows the representation of the number. If base is `0`, the radix will be determined base on the leading characters of str: if str starts with `'0x'` or `'0X'`, radix 16 will be used; if str starts with `'0'`, radix 8 will be used; otherwise radix 10 will be used. If base is not `0`, it must be between `2` and `36`, inclusive. Leading spaces are ignored. If there are no digits, `ValueError` will be raised.