# 13.7 `xml.sax.saxutils` -- SAX Utilities

New in version 2.0.

The module `xml.sax.saxutils` contains a number of classes and functions that are commonly useful when creating SAX applications, either in direct use, or as base classes.

`escape` (data[, entities])
  Escape &, <, and > in a string of data.

  You can escape other strings of data by passing a dictionary as the optional entities parameter. The keys and values must all be strings; each key will be replaced with its corresponding value.

`XMLGenerator` ([out[, encoding]])
  This class implements the `ContentHandler` interface by writing SAX events back into an XML document. In other words, using an `XMLGenerator` as the content handler will reproduce the original document being parsed. out should be a file-like object which will default to sys.stdout. encoding is the encoding of the output stream which defaults to `'iso-8859-1'`.

`XMLFilterBase` (base)
  This class is designed to sit between an `XMLReader` and the client application's event handlers. By default, it does nothing but pass requests up to the reader and events on to the handlers unmodified, but subclasses can override specific methods to modify the event stream or the configuration requests as they pass through.

`prepare_input_source` (source[, base])
  This function takes an input source and an optional base URL and returns a fully resolved `InputSource` object ready for reading. The input source can be given as a string, a file-like object, or an `InputSource` object; parsers will use this function to implement the polymorphic source argument to their `parse()` method.